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View Product DetailsExecutive Summary & Technical Benchmark of MIL-100(Cr)
MIL-100(Cr), or Materials Institute Lavoisier No. 100 (Chromium), represents a benchmark mesoporous metal-organic framework built from trimeric chromium(III) octahedral clusters connected by 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) linkers.
Hierarchical Cage Topology
Features dual mesoporous cages (~25 Å and ~29 Å internal diameters) accessible through microporous windows (~5.5 Å and ~8.6 Å), enabling size-selective molecular diffusion and high capacity guest encapsulation.
Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites
Upon thermal activation, terminal water molecules desorb from the Cr3O clusters, generating accessible open Lewis acid sites crucial for advanced heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption.
Extreme Chemical Resilience
Demonstrates rare hydrolytic and chemical stability across broad pH ranges (pH 0 to 10), preserving its crystalline architecture even under boiling water conditions and acidic flue gas streams.
Standardized MIL-100(Cr) Material Property Metrics
| Property Parameter | Specification Target | Analytical Verification Method | Industrial Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Cr₃O(F/OH)(H₂O)₂[C₆H₃(COO)₃]₂ | ICP-OES / Elemental Analysis | Defines stoichiometric purity and linker-to-metal ratio. |
| BET Surface Area | 1,800 – 2,200 m²/g | N₂ Adsorption (77 K, Multipoint) | Ensures maximal volumetric & gravimetric sorption capacity. |
| Pore Volume | 0.90 – 1.15 cm³/g | t-plot / DFT Pore Size Distribution | Provides internal volume for large guest molecule loading. |
| Thermal Stability | Up to 280°C – 300°C (in Air) | Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) | Guarantees integrity during thermal activation & regeneration. |
| Hydrolytic Stability | Stable in H₂O (pH 0 to 10) | Powder XRD post-immersion test | Crucial for moisture-laden gas scrubbing & water treatment. |
| Particle Size (D50) | 0.5 µm – 5.0 µm (Customizable) | Laser Diffraction (ISO 13320) | Optimized for catalytic bed fluidization or membrane slurry mixing. |
Global Market Trends & Procurement Demand Analysis
The transformation of advanced carbon materials from academic curiosities to tonnage-scale industrial additives is accelerating across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
Industrial Decarbonization & VOC Abatement
Global net-zero regulations require hyper-efficient sorbents for capturing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) like benzene, toluene, and xylene from industrial exhaust streams. MIL-100(Cr) offers selective uptake superior to conventional activated carbon.
Energy-Efficient Adsorption Heat Pumps
The HVAC industry is shifting toward thermal energy storage and adsorption chillers using water vapor as a refrigerant. MIL-100(Cr) features an ideal hydro-sorption isotherm with low regeneration temperatures (60-80°C), unlocking waste-heat utilization.
Fine Chemical Heterogeneous Catalysis
Chemical producers are replacing homogeneous corrosive acids with solid heterogenized Lewis-acid catalysts. The accessible open Cr sites in MIL-100(Cr) drive high-turnover selective organic transformations while preventing product contamination.
Turnkey Macro-Industry Solutions Powered by MIL-100(Cr)
How our engineering services convert raw MOF powders into structural, operational assets for municipal, chemical, and green tech leaders.
1. Trace Hazardous Gas & Amine Scrubbing
In industrial environments containing traces of toxic ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, or nitrogen oxides, standard adsorbents degrade rapidly due to acidic or alkaline moisture. MIL-100(Cr) maintains structural integrity while binding polar gases via coordinate bonds to unsaturated Cr(III) centers.
- Selective binding energy tailored for reversibility without thermal degradation.
- High dynamic breakthrough capacity in humid conditions (>70% RH).
2. Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH)
MIL-100(Cr) exhibits a distinctive S-shaped water vapor adsorption isotherm. It adsorbs water vapor readily at relative humidities above 30% and desorbs clean, potable water under mild solar thermal input (65°C), presenting a breakthrough for arid zone water generation.
- Zero structural degradation over 2,000 continuous hydrothermal adsorption cycles.
- High working capacity (>0.75 g H₂O per g dry MOF).
3. Fine Chemical Catalysis & Friedel-Crafts Reactions
Serving as a robust heterogeneous acid catalyst, MIL-100(Cr) replaces AlCl₃ and H₂SO₄ in alkylations, acylations, and esterifications. The large internal cages host reactants while preventing coke formation via steric constraints within its mesopores.
- Easy catalyst recovery via simple filtration or centrifugation.
- Minimal chromium leaching (<0.1 ppm verified via ICP-MS).
Hydrofluoric-Acid-Free Green Synthesis & Quality Control
Overcoming historical scaling barriers through environmentally sustainable, fluorinated-solvent-free manufacturing processes.
HF-Free Hydrothermal Route
Traditional synthesis relies on toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF) to modulate crystal growth. Our proprietary green synthesis utilizes non-toxic metal nitrate precursors with organic acid modulators, yielding corrosion-free, environmentally safe mass production.
Post-Synthetic Solvent Exchange
Residual unreacted trimesic acid linkers are systematically extracted using ethanol-water thermal washing, guaranteeing unblocked pore windows and maximizing accessible BET surface area prior to vacuum activation packaging.
Multi-Stage Quality Verification
Every production batch undergoes strict Certificate of Analysis (CoA) validation including Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) phase matching, TGA mass-loss profiles, and nitrogen physisorption isotherms.
Export Architecture, Regulatory Compliance & Technical Services
Ensuring seamless integration into global corporate supply chains with transparent chemical safety documentation and custom product shaping.
REACH & RoHS Compliance
Full chemical compliance documentation for EU & US entry. Complete Safety Data Sheets (SDS) in accordance with GHS revision standards.
Custom Shaping & Pelleting
Supplied as fine powders or shaped into 1-3mm spherical granules, extrudates, or wash-coated ceramic honeycomb monoliths without binder pore-clogging.
Moisture-Proof Cold Logistics
Hermetically sealed under dry inert nitrogen in aluminum-foil barrier bags and steel drums to prevent ambient air pre-saturation during maritime transit.
Dedicated PhD Support
Direct application support from experienced chemical engineers, assisting with process simulation, fixed-bed column design, and activation parameters.
Technological Roadmap & Future Outlook (2025–2030)
Continuous innovation in framework functionalization, composite synthesis, and large-scale manufacturing cost reduction.
Post-Synthetic Amine Functionalization
Engineered incorporation of primary and secondary amine species into MIL-100(Cr) cages to boost low-pressure CO₂ capture selectivity from industrial flue gases.
MOF-Polymer Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs)
Integration of nano-sized MIL-100(Cr) crystallites into polyimide and polysulfone matrices for high-throughput organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN).
Continuous Flow Mechanochemical Production
Transitioning from batch hydrothermal autoclaves to continuous twin-screw extrusion mechanochemistry, lowering production energy footprints by 60%.
Frequently Asked Questions & Procurement Guidance
In-depth answers covering thermal activation, chemical compatibility, custom synthesis, and bulk ordering specifications.
How does MIL-100(Cr) differ structurally and chemically from MIL-101(Cr)?
While both frameworks share chromium trimers and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) linkers, MIL-100(Cr) forms smaller mesoporous cages (~25 Å and ~29 Å) compared to MIL-101(Cr) (~29 Å and ~34 Å). Consequently, MIL-100(Cr) offers superior mechanical robustness, distinct pore window selectivity (~5.5 Å and 8.6 Å), and higher hydrolytic resistance, making it better suited for water vapor cycling and acidic gas scrubbing.
What activation thermal profile is recommended prior to industrial gas adsorption?
To desorb coordinated solvent molecules and generate open Cr(III) Lewis acid sites, we recommend heating the powder to 150°C – 180°C under vacuum (<10 Pa) or dry inert gas flow (N₂ or Ar) for 6 to 12 hours. Thermal heating up to 250°C is acceptable without structure collapse.
Can MIL-100(Cr) be safely processed into extruded pellets or granules?
Yes. We offer commercial binder-supported and binderless shaping services. Using inert inorganic binders (e.g., silica sol or alumina), MIL-100(Cr) can be processed into 1.5mm–3mm extrudates or spherical beads with minimal loss (<8%) of total BET surface area and low attrition rates under fluidization.
Is your MIL-100(Cr) synthesized using hydrofluoric acid (HF)?
No. We employ an eco-friendly, HF-free hydrothermal route. This eliminates fluoride ion contamination, guaranteeing safety for sensitive catalytic applications and simplifying environmental compliance for bulk industrial use.
What is your typical lead time for kilogram- to ton-scale export shipments?
Standard sample lots (1g to 500g) are dispatched from inventory within 48 hours. Pilot scale orders (1kg to 50kg) ship within 2 weeks. Bulk commercial production orders (>100kg to metric tons) require 3 to 5 weeks depending on custom shaping and activation specifications.
How do you prevent moisture pre-saturation during international ocean transport?
All MOF materials are vacuum-dried, flushed with ultra-pure argon, and sealed in multi-layer aluminum-foil barrier bags. These bags are packed inside UN-rated, moisture-tight HDPE or steel drums with integrated desiccant indicators.
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