Featured Metal-Organic Framework Powders
High-purity MOF material grades available for industrial deployment, gas separation, and advanced energy applications.
Material Identification & Coordination Chemistry of Sn-BDC-1
Understanding the structural metrics, coordination geometries, and physicochemical characteristics of Tin(II) terephthalate frameworks.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of porous crystalline materials consisting of metal nodes coordinated with organic linkers to form multi-dimensional networks. Among the diverse spectrum of main-group metal framework architectures, Sn-BDC-1—chemically designated as Tin(II) 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate—has emerged as a highly versatile coordination polymer with distinct catalytic, electronic, and sorption capabilities.
The structural framework of Sn-BDC-1 is constructed via the coordination of divalent tin centers ($\text{Sn}^{2+}$) with terephthalate anions ($\text{BDC}^{2-}$, derived from 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). Unlike transition metal frameworks such as ZIF-8 or UiO-66, the stereochemically active lone pair ($5s^2$) of the $\text{Sn}^{2+}$ cation imparts unique structural distortion and electronic polarity to the pore walls. This electronic anisotropy generates localized Lewis acid-base active sites, rendering Sn-BDC-1 exceptionally potent in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction ($\text{CO}_2\text{RR}$), selective organic transformations, and targeted gas separation processes.
| Property Parameter | Technical Specification Value | Analytical Method / Verification Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | $\text{[Sn(C}_8\text{H}_4\text{O}_4\text{)]}_n$ | Elemental Analysis (ICP-OES / CHNS) |
| Crystal System / Space Group | Monoclinic / Triclinic Structural Phase | Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) |
| Specific Surface Area (BET) | $750 - 1,100 \text{ m}^2/\text{g}$ | $\text{N}_2$ Physisorption Isotherm ($77 \text{ K}$) |
| Thermal Stability Limit | Stable up to $360^\circ\text{C}$ in $\text{N}_2$ | Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA-MS) |
| Bulk Density | $0.42 - 0.58 \text{ g/cm}^3$ | Tap Density Volumetric Measurement |
| Moisture Tolerance Range | Moderate (Requires hydrophobic tuning for aqueous slurry) | Water Vapor Isotherm / Humidity Chamber Test |
Global Commercial & Industrial Status of Sn-BDC-1
Analyzing market dynamics, key industrial adoption drivers, and regional manufacturing ecosystems worldwide.
Energy Transition Demand
The global shift toward carbon neutrality has accelerated demand for high-performance electrocatalysts. Sn-BDC-1 has positioned itself as a critical raw material for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects, specifically converting industrial emissions into valuable chemical feedstocks like formic acid.
Semiconductor & Electronics
In high-purity gas purification for semiconductor manufacturing, Sn-BDC-1 acts as an ultra-selective sorbent for trace moisture and acidic gas contaminants. Enterprise buyers in North America, Europe, and East Asia are integrating Sn-BDC-1 into specialized filtration canisters.
Transition to Scaled Synthesis
Historically restricted to gram-scale lab reactions, commercial scale-up of Sn-BDC-1 has matured rapidly. Advanced chemical manufacturers now offer multi-kilogram to metric-ton annual production capacity, meeting strict industrial procurement timelines.
Commercial buyers seeking reliable Sn-BDC-1 suppliers must navigate a complex international market where chemical purity, structural consistency, and batch-to-batch repeatability dictate operational success. Western specialty chemical houses frequently face supply limitations and elevated pricing models due to reliance on batch solvothermal techniques. Consequently, industrial enterprises are increasingly turning to top-tier Asian manufacturing centers capable of providing continuous-flow production and direct pricing advantages.
China Factory Efficiency & Supply Chain Advantages
How Chinese industrial infrastructure delivers unprecedented cost efficiency, scalability, and quality control for Sn-BDC-1 production.
China has established a dominant global position in advanced nanomaterial synthesis, driven by an unmatched upstream chemical infrastructure and highly integrated raw material supply chains. For global enterprise buyers searching for dependable Sn-Bdc-1 suppliers & factory partners, China offers major strategic advantages across four vital vectors:
Upstream Chemical Integration
China accounts for over 45% of global refined tin production and commands vast supply chains for terephthalic acid (PTA). Chinese factories source high-purity $\text{SnCl}_2\cdot2\text{H}_2\text{O}$ and BDC linkers domestically at fraction of international freight costs, shielding end customers from raw material price volatility.
Mechanochemical & Flow Scale-Up
Leading Chinese MOF facilities have pioneered mechanochemical ball-milling and continuous microfluidic reactor systems. These green manufacturing techniques eliminate massive solvent consumption, boosting yield-per-run efficiency by 300% while cutting energy requirements by up to 60%.
Rigorous Digital Quality Control
Modern Chinese MOF production facilities operate under ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications. Every batch of Sn-BDC-1 undergoes automated Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ICP-OES elemental analysis to guarantee structural uniformity prior to export.
Advanced Localized Application Scenarios
Exploring the high-impact industrial domains where Sn-BDC-1 delivers transformative material performance.
1. Electrocatalytic $\text{CO}_2$ Reduction ($\text{CO}_2\text{RR}$)
In zero-emission chemical processing plants, Sn-BDC-1 serves as an elite electrocatalyst. Its active $\text{Sn}^{2+}$ sites demonstrate Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 92% for converting captured carbon dioxide into liquid formate ($\text{HCOO}^-$) under ambient operating conditions.
2. Solid-State Lithium & Sodium Batteries
Sn-BDC-1 is increasingly used as a functional filler within solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and separator coatings. The open micropores trap trace water molecules while facilitating rapid, uniform metal ion flux, effectively suppressing lithium and sodium dendrite formation.
3. Water Remediation & PFAS Capture
Environmental remediation systems deploy functionalized Sn-BDC-1 formulations to adsorb hazardous organic pollutants, heavy metal ions ($\text{Pb}^{2+}$, $\text{Cd}^{2+}$), and persistent perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from industrial wastewater effluents.
4. Fine Chemical Heterogeneous Catalysis
Chemical processors utilize Sn-BDC-1 as a robust Lewis acid catalyst for fine synthesis, including Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, aldehyde acetalization, and esterification reactions without requiring corrosive liquid acid additives.
Industry Trends & Technological Evolution of Sn-BDC-1
Navigating the next decade of metal-organic framework innovation, commercial scaling, and market adoption.
The global MOF market is shifting rapidly from pure laboratory research toward scaled industrial implementation. Over the next decade, three major trends will define the commercial evolution of Sn-BDC-1:
Bimetallic Heterostructure Engineering
Researchers and forward-thinking suppliers are synthesizing mixed-metal versions (e.g., Sn/Zr-BDC or Sn/Fe-BDC). Incorporating secondary metal centers modifies pore polarity and enhances hydrothermal stability under harsh industrial conditions.
Standardized Shaping Technologies
Industrial applications rarely use loose MOF powders due to dust generation and pressure drop issues in packed columns. Suppliers are focusing on advanced shaping techniques—extruding Sn-BDC-1 into pellets, monoliths, beads, and membrane coatings while preserving high BET surface areas.
Zero-Solvent Green Manufacturing
Regulatory frameworks such as REACH (EU) and TSCA (USA) are driving suppliers to transition away from DMF (Dimethylformamide) solvent synthesis toward water-based or solvent-free mechanochemical processes, drastically lowering lifecycle environmental impact.
Global Enterprise Procurement & Supplier Verification Matrix
Key quality control parameters and qualification criteria for industrial purchasing managers sourcing Sn-BDC-1.
When selecting a reliable Sn-Bdc-1 supplier, procurement technical directors must demand comprehensive Certificates of Analysis (COA) containing verifiable batch data. Sourcing low-purity or unverified material leads to structural degradation, low reaction yields, and potential process contamination. Evaluate potential suppliers using this standard technical matrix:
| Verification Criteria | Industrial Quality Standard | Risk of Non-Compliance |
|---|---|---|
| Crystallinity Index (PXRD) | $\ge 95\%$ sharp match to reference diffraction patterns | Unreacted linkers or amorphous phases causing reduced catalytic activity |
| Residual Solvent Content | $< 0.5\%$ weight by TGA / GC-MS headspace | Solvent pore-blocking, outgassing in vacuum applications |
| Particle Size Distribution ($D_{50}$) | Tunable ($1 \mu\text{m} - 50 \mu\text{m}$) based on application | Filter clogging, poor dispersion in slurry coatings or polymer matrices |
| Metal Ion Impurities | Total heavy metal impurities $< 50 \text{ ppm}$ (ICP-OES) | Parasitic side-reactions during electrocatalysis or secondary oxidation |
| Batch Capacity & Availability | Guaranteed monthly production output ($50\text{kg} - 1\text{ ton}$) | Supply chain bottlenecks delaying full-scale commercial manufacturing |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - Sn-BDC-1 Procurement
Expert answers to standard technical, commercial, and logistical questions raised by global enterprise buyers.
While UiO-66 (Zr-based) and ZIF-8 (Zn-based) feature high hydrothermal stability and symmetric coordination environments, Sn-BDC-1 contains divalent tin ($\text{Sn}^{2+}$) nodes with a stereochemically active lone pair. This creates strong electronic polarization, offering unique Lewis acid catalysis and superior electrocatalytic selectivity for $\text{CO}_2$ reduction to formate that traditional MOFs cannot match.
Because divalent tin ($\text{Sn}^{2+}$) can undergo gradual oxidation to tetravalent tin ($\text{Sn}^{4+}$) when exposed to ambient oxygen and elevated moisture over prolonged periods, Sn-BDC-1 should be stored under an inert atmosphere (Nitrogen or Argon) in sealed aluminum foil bags. For industrial usage, top suppliers offer vacuum-sealed drums with desiccant packaging.
Yes. Leading Chinese suppliers offer custom ODM/OEM processing, including controlled particle sizing ($D_{50}$ from sub-micron to tens of micrometers) as well as pre-dispersed liquid slurries in organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, or NMP) tailored for direct battery separator coating lines.
Standard evaluation samples (1–100g) are generally dispatched within 24–48 hours. Pilot scale orders (10–50kg) require 1–2 weeks, while bulk commercial orders (1 ton+) typically ship within 3–4 weeks, supported by complete batch analysis documentation and export compliance certificates.
While BET surface area measures total porosity, it does not confirm the valence state of tin nodes or structural crystallinity. A sample may exhibit high surface area while containing amorphous unreacted linkers or oxidized $\text{SnO}_2$ domains. A comprehensive validation must combine BET with Powder XRD diffraction and XPS/ICP analysis.
Comprehensive Metal-Organic Framework Ecosystem Catalog
Explore our full line of functionalized MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and application-tailored porous materials.
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